{"id":7115,"date":"2022-05-23T04:45:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T03:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/?p=7115"},"modified":"2022-05-02T18:08:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T17:08:05","slug":"jadernicka-moravska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/jadernicka-moravska\/","title":{"rendered":"Jaderni\u010dka moravsk\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u0161ichni ji zn\u00e1me – d\u011bl\u00e1me z n\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u00fd mo\u0161t nebo kalv\u00e1dos. Jedna z legend prav\u00ed, \u017ee ji vy\u0161lechtili a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili pr\u00e1v\u011b na\u0161i brat\u0159i Trinit\u00e1\u0159i ze Za\u0161ov\u00e9 …Tak si o n\u00ed n\u011bco pov\u00edme … popis z archivu star\u00fdch odr\u016fd:
Jaderni\u010dka moravsk\u00e1<\/span><\/span><\/a> \u00a0\u00a0(Jaderni\u010dka vala\u0161sk\u00e1)<\/b><\/p>\n

p\u016fvod:<\/h3>\n
\n

zem\u011b: \u010cR , stolet\u00ed: 17.st. 1\/2, doporu\u010den\u00e1 regionalita: Zl\u00ednsk\u00fd kraj, pozn\u00e1mka: p\u016fvod nen\u00ed zcela objasn\u011bn, nezn\u00e1m\u00fd semen\u00e1\u010d Vala\u0161sko<\/p>\n

plody:<\/h3>\n

Barva p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed: \u017elut\u00e1, l\u00ed\u010dko: ano , rzivost: ne, velikost: mal\u00e1 ,du\u017enina: st\u0159edn\u011b tuh\u00e1 , \u0161\u0165avnatost: \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e1, kyselost: sladk\u00e1, chu\u0165: dobr\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edchu\u0165: jemn\u00e1 ko\u0159enit\u00e1, tvar: ku\u017eelovit\u00fd, pozn\u00e1mka: tvarov\u011b nevyrovnan\u00fd<\/p>\n

sklize\u0148:<\/h3>\n

skupina odr\u016fd: podzimn\u00ed, sklize\u0148: z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2\/2, odolnost otlak\u016fm: st\u0159edn\u00ed, skladovatelnost celkov\u00e1: do kv\u011btna, zralost od: \u0159\u00edjen 2\/2, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed bez ztr\u00e1ty chuti: do ledna, pozn\u00e1mka: konzummn\u00ed zralost je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, rychle ztr\u00e1c\u00ed chu\u0165<\/p>\n

vyu\u017eit\u00ed:<\/h3>\n

p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd konzum: velmi vhodn\u00e9, destil\u00e1t: nen\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159eno, su\u0161en\u00ed: velmi vhodn\u00e9, kompoty: nen\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159eno, d\u017eemy a marmel\u00e1dy: nen\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159eno, mo\u0161t: velmi vhodn\u00e9, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed: nen\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159eno, pozn\u00e1mka: ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

plodnost:<\/h3>\n

za\u010d\u00e1tek plodnosti: 10 a v\u00edce let po v\u00fdsadb\u011b, plodnost: velk\u00e9 \u00farody, pravidelnost plodnosti: ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b<\/p>\n

strom:<\/h3>\n

r\u016fst: bujn\u00fd, obvykl\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka: nad 10m, obvykl\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br koruny: do 10m, \u017eivotnost na bujn\u00e9 podno\u017ei: nad 100let, silni\u010dn\u00ed aleje: ne, habitus: vysoce kulovit\u00e1<\/p>\n

p\u00e9\u010de:<\/h3>\n

vhodnost pro n\u00edzk\u00e9 tvary: nevhodn\u00e1, celkov\u00fd n\u00e1rok na \u0159ez: n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na kvalitn\u00ed \u0159ez,\u00a0pozn\u00e1mka: nutn\u00fd pravideln\u00fd pr\u016fklest<\/p>\n

kveten\u00ed:<\/h3>\n

opylova\u010d: obecn\u011b dobr\u00fd, odolnost kv\u011bt\u016f: odoln\u00e9, doba kveten\u00ed: st\u0159edn\u00ed, pozn\u00e1mka: \u017elutob\u00edl\u00fd drobn\u00fd kv\u011bt<\/p>\n

stanovi\u0161t\u011b:<\/h3>\n

nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka: do 600m, mrazuvzdornost: siln\u011b mrazuodoln\u00e1, v\u011btrn\u00e1 poloha: toleruje, teplo: nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1,\u00a0pozn\u00e1mka: plody dob\u0159e dr\u017e\u00ed<\/p>\n

p\u016fda:<\/h3>\n

p\u016fdn\u00ed druh: na bujn\u00e9 podno\u017ei i m\u011bl\u010d\u00ed a leh\u010d\u00ed p\u016fdy, vlh\u010d\u00ed p\u016fdy: toleruje, p\u0159\u00edsu\u0161ek: zhor\u0161uje kvalitu ovoce<\/p>\n

n\u00e1chylnost:<\/h3>\n

monilie: st\u0159edn\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e1, strupovitost: siln\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e9, padl\u00ed: odoln\u00e1, rakovina: nen\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159eno<\/p>\n

sortimenty:<\/h3>\n

Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br \u010cechy: ne, V\u00fdb\u011br tr\u017en\u00edch odr\u016fd 1926: neza\u0159azenaza\u0159azena, Sortimenty 60l\u00e9ta: neza\u0159azena, Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br Morava: ano, V\u00fdb\u011br tr\u017en\u00edch odr\u016fd 1933: neza\u0159azena, Z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 sortimenty: prioritn\u00ed, pozn\u00e1mka: byla za\u0159azena jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fda pro Moravu

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed je bohat\u00e9 – inspirace i zde: metodika_final<\/a><\/p>\n

Navazujeme \u010dl\u00e1nkem od V\u00e1clava Tetery – uve\u0159ejn\u011bno v \u010dasopise Veronika \u010d. 2\/ 1991 str. 17<\/a>
Jaderni\u010dka moravsk\u00e1 jako ekologick\u00e1 odr\u016fda jablon\u011b<\/strong>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

V bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat rozvoj ekologick\u00fdch a\u00a0krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00faprav a\u00a0rekonstrukce na\u0161\u00ed krajiny. Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 je nutnost\u00a0zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 situace v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed zemi. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 uva\u017eovat i\u00a0o op\u011btn\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch vysokokmenov\u00fdch ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f do\u00a0voln\u00e9 krajiny. V\u017edy\u0165 takov\u00fd strom byl ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f, pro n\u011b\u017e m\u011bl u\u017eitkovou \u00falohu a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl i\u00a0estetick\u00fdm prvkem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1znaky op\u011btn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ovocn\u00fdch vysokokmen\u016f v\u00a0krajin\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed ze z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed (hlavn\u011b N\u011bmecka, Rakouska a\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarska). K\u00a0t\u011bmto \u00fa\u010del\u016fm jsou od \u0161kolka\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f po\u017eadov\u00e1ny kmenn\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed odr\u016fdy ovocn\u00fdch d\u0159evin. Pro realizaci jsou nakupov\u00e1ny z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny pro ekologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely se slevou \u010di darov\u00e1ny k\u00a0v\u00fdsadb\u00e1m zdarma.
Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9 c\u00edle se v\u00a0ovocn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na intenz\u00edvn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu. Na nov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy se kladou vysok\u00e9 c\u00edle – zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u00farodnost, kvalita, odolnost proti chorob\u00e1m a\u00a0\u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, mrazuvzdornost, ur\u010dit\u00e1 plasticita k\u00a0zasolen\u00fdm p\u016fd\u00e1m, zamok\u0159en\u00ed, suchu, teplotn\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm, rezidu\u00edm z\u00a0pesticid\u016f apod. V\u011bt\u0161inou se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00edch genetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0USA).
V\u00fdzkum a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edho genetick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu ovocn\u00fdch d\u0159evin pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0ekologick\u00e9 praxi je de facto nulov\u00e9. V\u00a0\u010ceskoslovensku je vedle slivon\u00ed a\u00a0hru\u0161n\u00ed nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ovocn\u00fdm druhem jablo\u0148 s\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm dnes ji\u017e zanikaj\u00edc\u00edch m\u00edstn\u00edch odr\u016fd. Ty vznikly selek\u010dn\u00edm tlakem geografick\u00fdch, ekologick\u00fdch a\u00a0antropologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Jsou tedy adekv\u00e1tn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny ur\u010dit\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u0161eobecn\u011b jsou odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm klimatick\u00fdm a\u00a0ekologick\u00fdm stres\u016fm. Jsou mrazuodoln\u00e9, hlavn\u011b ve\u00a0d\u0159ev\u011b, v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b prokazuj\u00ed zdrav\u00fd r\u016fst, dlouhov\u011bkost a\u00a0vitalitu. Neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na v\u00fd\u017eivu. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0doposud na Morav\u011b (hlavn\u011b na Vala\u0161sku) nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed odr\u016fda jablon\u011b je Jaderni\u010dka moravsk\u00e1.
Archivn\u00ed prameny ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee byla v\u00a0kraji p\u011bstov\u00e1na ji\u017e kolem roku 1740. Z\u00a0lidov\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed jsou o\u00a0jej\u00edm p\u016fvodu zaznamen\u00e1ny dv\u011b pov\u011bsti, zn\u00e1me pro ni tak\u00e9 p\u0159es t\u0159icet odli\u0161n\u00fdch synonym, pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdraz\u016f.
V sou\u010dasnosti se tato odr\u016fda vyskytuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u00a0v\u0161ech star\u0161\u00edch zahrad\u00e1ch na Vala\u0161sku. Star\u00e9 stromy byly zji\u0161t\u011bny i\u00a0v zanikaj\u00edc\u00edch selsk\u00fdch sadech na Han\u00e9 a\u00a0Slov\u00e1cku. Nej\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v\u0161ak je dok\u00e1z\u00e1n na \u00fazem\u00ed mezi Vala\u0161sk\u00fdm Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00edm (resp. Nov\u00fdm Ji\u010d\u00ednem), Ro\u017enovem, Vset\u00ednem (resp. Zl\u00ednem).
Jaderni\u010dka vynik\u00e1 mrazuvzdornost\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159es pozdn\u00ed n\u00e1stup do\u00a0plodnosti (v 12.-15. roce) je velmi \u00farodn\u00e1, jej\u00ed plody m\u00e1lo hnij\u00ed, stromy v\u0161ak nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed such\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Roste zdrav\u011b a\u00a0bujn\u011b, je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, i\u00a0kdy\u017e je vd\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 za ob\u010dasn\u00fd pr\u016fklest. M\u00e1 vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti pro semen\u00e1\u0159skou praxi (kl\u00ed\u010divost semen, vyrovnanost semen\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, rovn\u00fd km\u00ednek). Podle organoleptick\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159\u016f je z\u00a0plod\u016f jaderni\u010dky nejchutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u0161t. Odr\u016fda je vhodn\u00e1 i\u00a0k v\u00fdrob\u011b p\u00e1lenky.
Dobr\u00fdch semenn\u00fdch a\u00a0r\u016fstov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed bylo vyu\u017eito na ovocn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kolka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi. Doposud je jaderni\u010dka nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed semennou podno\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u010ceskoslovensku. V\u00a0listin\u011b povolen\u00fdch odr\u016fd jsou registrov\u00e1ny generativn\u011b mno\u017een\u00e9 podno\u017ee pro jablon\u011b, ve\u00a0kter\u00fdch je zakotven genetick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l jaderni\u010dky (nap\u0159. J-KL-3, JM-92).
Pro ekologizaci na\u0161\u00ed krajiny lze vyu\u017e\u00edvat t\u00e9\u017e lok\u00e1ln\u00ed odr\u016fdy ovocn\u00fdch d\u0159evin vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed vitalitou, vhodn\u00fdm r\u016fstem a\u00a0plodnost\u00ed. Tyto \u201eekologick\u00e9 odr\u016fdy\u201c mohou v\u00a0krajin\u011b op\u011bt plnit r\u016fzn\u00e9 funkce a\u00a0podporovat jej\u00ed biologickou diversitu.
Jaderni\u010dka moravsk\u00e1 a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed na\u0161e m\u00edstn\u00ed odr\u016fdy by nem\u011bly zaniknout. Krom\u011b kulturn\u00edho a\u00a0genetick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu mohou b\u00fdt i\u00a0ekologick\u00fdm faktorem. Mohou b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b pou\u017eity bez dlouholet\u00e9ho \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0tom lze spat\u0159ovat i\u00a0jejich hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e1clav Tetera* 25. 2. 1947 P\u0159erov<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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Pomolog\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – V\u00e1clav TETERA poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Prav\u010dic.<\/p>\n

Absolvoval zahradnickou fakultu V\u0160Z v Lednici a pracoval ve\u00a0Vala\u0161sk\u00e9m muzeu v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b v Ro\u017enov\u011b na genofondu tradi\u010dn\u00edch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch i\u00a0okrasn\u00fdch rostlin, zejm\u00e9na ovocn\u00fdch d\u0159evin.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e9 poznatky publikoval. \u201eJablon\u011b na\u00a0Vala\u0161sku\u201c je jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017ekou. Z\u00e1sluhou \u010cesk\u00e9ho svazu ochr\u00e1nc\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody ve Vesel\u00ed nad\u00a0Moravou vy\u0161la v roce 2007 jeho posledn\u00ed kniha \u201eOvoce\u00a0B\u00edl\u00fdch Karpat\u201c, v\u00fdpravn\u00e1 barevn\u00e1 publikace o historii ovocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v t\u00e9to\u00a0\u00a0oblasti a o stovk\u00e1ch odr\u016fd ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f, z nich\u017e zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st je zde p\u011bstov\u00e1na od\u00a0nepam\u011bti a zn\u00e1m\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 mezi star\u0161\u00edmi ovocn\u00e1\u0159i\u00a0na\u00a0Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017esku.
Nen\u00ed bez zaj\u00edmavosti, \u017ee kdy\u017e byl na ja\u0159e roku 2010 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b britsk\u00fd n\u00e1sledn\u00edk tr\u016fnu,\u00a0princ Walesk\u00fd Charles, p\u0159\u00edznivec ekologick\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0propag\u00e1tor ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje p\u0159\u00edrody, obdr\u017eel od sv\u00fdch hostitel\u016f \u0159adu d\u00e1rk\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e byla i kniha prav\u010dick\u00e9ho rod\u00e1ka V\u00e1clava Tetery \u201eOvoce B\u00edl\u00fdch Karpat\u201c.
V\u00e1clav Tetera \u017eije v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v Prav\u010dic\u00edch.
Pramen: \u010cesk\u00e9 osobnosti v\u00fdzkumu a \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed okrasn\u00fdch, ovocn\u00fdch rostlin a r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 ve XX. stolet\u00ed. Brno,2002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0161ichni ji zn\u00e1me – d\u011bl\u00e1me z n\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u00fd mo\u0161t nebo kalv\u00e1dos. Jedna z legend prav\u00ed, \u017ee ji vy\u0161lechtili a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili pr\u00e1v\u011b na\u0161i brat\u0159i Trinit\u00e1\u0159i ze Za\u0161ov\u00e9 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[52,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7115"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7115"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7119,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7115\/revisions\/7119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}