{"id":4710,"date":"2017-11-27T04:40:04","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T03:40:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/?p=4710"},"modified":"2017-11-22T17:28:32","modified_gmt":"2017-11-22T16:28:32","slug":"ceske-roraty-kde-se-vzaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/ceske-roraty-kde-se-vzaly\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00e9 ror\u00e1ty – kde se vzaly ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tak na tuto ot\u00e1zku hled\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f Jo\u017eka Kr\u016fpa ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku, za kter\u00fd mu d\u011bkuji. A jeliko\u017e nast\u00e1v\u00e1 doba adventn\u00ed, tak je to p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek v\u00edce ne\u017e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed …<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 ror\u00e1ty<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pam\u00e1tky jsou pro svou unik\u00e1tnost zaps\u00e1ny na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, a jak v\u0161ichni v\u00edme, vedle hmotn\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch pam\u00e1tek existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky nehmotn\u00e9. V\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed zemi mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. zn\u00e1m\u00e1 j\u00edzda kr\u00e1l\u016f. Jsou v\u0161ak i dal\u0161\u00ed pam\u011btihodnosti nemateri\u00e1ln\u00ed povahy, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme pova\u017eovat ne-li za sv\u011btov\u00e9, pak jist\u011b za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed. Mezi takov\u00e9 bychom mohli po\u010d\u00edtat i fenom\u00e9n nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed adventn\u00ed doby \u2013 \u010desk\u00e9 ror\u00e1ty<\/b>. Michael Posp\u00ed\u0161il \u2013 hudebn\u00edk, pedagog a znalec barokn\u00ed hudby – zast\u00e1v\u00e1 dokonce n\u00e1zor, \u017ee neb\u00fdt ror\u00e1t\u016f, nemluvilo by se u\u017e d\u00e1vno v\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi \u010desky.<\/p>\n

Ror\u00e1ty jsou rann\u00ed m\u0161e slou\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0adventn\u00edm \u010dase, ale ror\u00e1ty jsou tak\u00e9 starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i t\u011bchto bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1ch zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed. Podle nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0nich \u2013 vstupn\u00edho zp\u011bvu \u201erosu dejte nebesa\u201c (latinsky \u201eRorate coeli desuper\u201c) – se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 cel\u00fd soubor p\u00edsn\u00ed t\u00e9to liturgick\u00e9 doby. \u010cesk\u00e9 adventn\u00ed zp\u011bvy nemaj\u00ed v evropsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e obdobu.<\/b> Sta\u010d\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt i b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, sou\u010dasn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd kosteln\u00ed zp\u011bvn\u00edk – kancion\u00e1l, \u010d\u00e1st \u201eadventn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b\u201c. U n\u00e1zv\u016f p\u00edsn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o p\u016fvodu, o dob\u011b vzniku\u2026 A jsou to data \u00factyhodn\u00e1 – od 14. stolet\u00ed po sou\u010dasnost \u2013 po\u010d\u00ednaje p\u00edsn\u00ed Ejhle, Hospodin p\u0159ijde, p\u0159evzatou z\u00a0antifon\u00e1\u0159e Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic (1297 – 1364).<\/p>\n

Osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtel zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho biskupa Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic kr\u00e1l Karel IV. doc\u00edlil toho, \u017ee na\u0161e zem\u011b obdr\u017eely v\u00fdjimku a jinde pouze o sobot\u00e1ch slou\u017een\u00e9 jit\u0159n\u00ed m\u0161e k\u00a0poct\u011b P. Marie byly u n\u00e1s v adventu slaveny denn\u011b. P\u016fvodn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 liturgick\u00e9 zp\u011bvy provozovali pouze klerici, pozd\u011bji takzvan\u00e1 liter\u00e1tsk\u00e1 bratrstva \u2013 sbory sice laick\u00fdch, ale \u0161kolen\u00fdch zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f \u2013 m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f, \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f\u2026 Tradice t\u011bchto p\u011bveck\u00fdch spolk\u016f trvala po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed, a\u017e do r. 1768, kdy Josef II. jejich \u010dinnost zak\u00e1zal. Po jeho smrti byl sice z\u00e1kaz zru\u0161en, ale \u010dinnost t\u011bchto sbor\u016f se u\u017e nepoda\u0159ilo zcela obnovit, kontinuita byla zp\u0159etrh\u00e1na. Tzv. liter\u00e1tsk\u00e1 bratrstva sice doprov\u00e1zela sv\u00fdm zp\u011bvem liturgii po cel\u00fd rok, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b ror\u00e1ty byly jakousi \u201ev\u00fdkladn\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed\u201c jejich um\u011bni. Vznikaly skv\u011bl\u00e9, ru\u010dn\u011b opisovan\u00e9 zp\u011bvn\u00edky Ror\u00e1tn\u00edky, pozd\u011bji vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 i tiskem.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee ror\u00e1ty \u2013 m\u0161e k\u00a0poct\u011b P. Marie – nezanikly ani v\u00a0pohnut\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch \u010desk\u00e9 reformace. Naopak, v\u00a0utrakvistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti z\u00edskaly p\u00edsn\u011b \u010desk\u00fd text a ten u\u017e ror\u00e1tn\u00edm p\u00edsn\u00edm z\u016fstal i po obdob\u00ed rekatolizace.\u00a0Po josef\u00ednsk\u00fdch reform\u00e1ch doch\u00e1zelo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 germanizaci \u010cech a Moravy. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0m\u00e1la ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edst, odkud \u010de\u0161tina nikdy zcela nevymizela, z\u016fstal kostel. Na k\u016frech se nep\u0159estalo zp\u00edvat \u010desky, a to i tam, kde zp\u011bv\u00e1ci byli ji\u017e skoro sam\u00ed N\u011bmci. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed oblib\u011b se t\u011b\u0161ily pr\u00e1v\u011b ror\u00e1ty, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jedno dobov\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed: \u201eMocnost \u010desk\u00e9ho zp\u011bvu v chr\u00e1mu P\u00e1n\u011b jest tak velik\u00e1, \u017ee tak\u00e9 N\u011bmci proudem zp\u011bvu str\u017eeni \u010desk\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b v\u00a0ror\u00e1tn\u00edc\u00edch si kupuj\u00ed, aby, co ve \u0161kole nezmohli, v kostele se nau\u010dili, a to \u010dten\u00ed a zp\u011bvu \u010desk\u00e9mu\u2026\u201c<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed pak divu, \u017ee starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 texty \u010desk\u00fdch ror\u00e1t\u016f se pro svou jazykovou kr\u00e1su a ryzost staly v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem a inspirac\u00ed p\u0159i obrozeneck\u00fdch snah\u00e1ch o rehabilitaci \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 ror\u00e1tn\u00ed zp\u011bvy se v\u00fdvojem a zjednodu\u0161en\u00edm staly p\u00edsn\u011bmi \u201elidov\u00fdmi\u201c a jsou u\u017e jen odleskem toho, co o adventu v\u00a0chr\u00e1mech zazn\u00edvalo v\u00a0\u00e9\u0159e liter\u00e1tsk\u00fdch bratrstev. Dodnes v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme podobn\u011b jako t\u0159eba p\u0159i zp\u011bvu Svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9ho chor\u00e1lu c\u00edtit onu soun\u00e1le\u017eitost s\u00a0generacemi na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi. Ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161e maj\u00ed st\u00e1le svou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru a ani kosteln\u00ed chlad, tma a brzk\u00e9 vst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed neodrad\u00ed ty, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e ten pro\u017eitek znaj\u00ed, aby se i letos na ror\u00e1ty t\u011b\u0161ili.<\/p>\n

Josef Kr\u016fpa<\/p>\n

PS: jeden odkaz na dvouminutov\u00e9 video, kter\u00e9 m\u011b k tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku inspirovalo:\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BqQ4s5pm8f4<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tak na tuto ot\u00e1zku hled\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f Jo\u017eka Kr\u016fpa ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku, za kter\u00fd mu d\u011bkuji. A jeliko\u017e nast\u00e1v\u00e1 doba adventn\u00ed, tak je to p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek v\u00edce ne\u017e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[38,36,39,44,43],"tags":[55,51,59],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4710"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4715,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710\/revisions\/4715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}