{"id":3802,"date":"2016-09-19T04:12:02","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T03:12:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/?p=3802"},"modified":"2016-02-17T00:18:32","modified_gmt":"2016-02-16T23:18:32","slug":"historie-choleroveho-krize-v-zasove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/historie-choleroveho-krize-v-zasove\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie cholerov\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v Za\u0161ov\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Letos je to 180 let od t\u011bch hrozn\u00fdch \u00fatrap, kter\u00e9\u00a0p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b cholerov\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, o kter\u00e9m jsme psali i zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Historie cholerov\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v Za\u0161ov\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o Za\u0161ov\u00e9 se objevuje roku 1370. Vesnic\u00ed prot\u00e9k\u00e1 potok Za\u0161ovka, kter\u00fd byl v\u00a0minulosti naz\u00fdv\u00e1n tak\u00e9 Ko\u0161ov\u00fd. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eKr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00fadol\u00ed pln\u00e9 zahrad,\u201c<\/i> zaznamenal roku 1914 prof. Eduard Domluvil. \u201eNa str\u00e1n\u00edch horsk\u00fdch jest okolo Za\u0161ov\u00e9 na deset v\u010del\u00edn\u016f a \u0161estn\u00e1ct pasek. Poutn\u00ed kostel za\u0161ovsk\u00fd jest z\u00a0nejp\u011bkn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch na Vala\u0161sku; je kr\u00e1sn\u011b sklenut\u00fd, vysok\u00fd a prostrann\u00fd. \u0160kola za\u0161ovsk\u00e1 je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejzdobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech d\u011bdinsk\u00fdch \u0161kol v\u00a0okresu. V\u00a0d\u011bdin\u011b vid\u011bti nyn\u00ed ji\u017e m\u00e1lo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch selsk\u00fdch staven\u00ed; t\u00e9\u017e st\u0159echy jsou ta\u0161kov\u00e9ho krytu, je\u017e \u010dervenou barvou v\u00a0zeleni zahrad p\u011bkn\u011b vynikaj\u00ed.<\/i>\u201c <\/span><\/p>\n

Ob\u017eivu lidem poskytovalo v\u00a0minulosti p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rolnictv\u00ed, nej\u00farodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pole byla na Luh\u00e1ch. Ani dobytk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed nebylo zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1no. Provozov\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u0159emesla. Tkalci doch\u00e1zeli do kr\u00e1sensk\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny tk\u00e1t polohedv\u00e1b\u00ed, mnoho d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f i d\u011blnic chodilo p\u0159es hory za prac\u00ed do Nov\u00e9ho Ji\u010d\u00edna do tov\u00e1ren klobou\u010dnick\u00e9, tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 a soukenick\u00e9. V\u00a0Hrachovci se p\u00e1lily cihly. V\u00a0Kr\u00e1sn\u011b byly skeln\u00e9 hut\u011b a sirk\u00e1rna. Podom\u00e1cky byly pleteny sedadla pro tov\u00e1rnu na oh\u00fdban\u00fd n\u00e1bytek. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvali tak\u00e9 h\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm. Na t\u0159icet d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f pracovalo ve dvou obecn\u00edch lomech na p\u00edskovec. Pracovali tak\u00e9 v\u00a0lese. <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i ohl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do historie zjist\u00edme, \u017ee roku 1742 se Za\u0161ovjan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastnili selsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed pobou\u0159en\u00fdch poddan\u00fdch se konalo pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Za\u0161ov\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n

Prastar\u00fd d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd kostel v\u00a0Za\u0161ov\u00e9 byl zasv\u011bcen\u00fd svat\u00e9 Ann\u011b. Roku 1714 polo\u017eil Karel Jind\u0159ich z\u00a0\u017derot\u00edna z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men pro nov\u00fd kostel, po dostavb\u011b roku 1725 byl zasv\u011bcen Nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00ed blah. P. Marie. Z\u00a0d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho kostel\u00edka byl do nov\u00e9ho zd\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159enesen staro\u017eitn\u00fd obraz bl. P. Marie, kter\u00fd dal vzniknout pout\u00edm v\u00a0Za\u0161ov\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n

Roku 1835 m\u011bla Za\u0161ov\u00e1 163 dom\u016f, 1202 obyvatel, 50 kon\u00ed, 166 hov\u011bz\u00edho dobytka. \u017divot klokotal v\u00a0navykl\u00e9m rytmu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd netu\u0161il, \u017ee n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku postihne obyvatele obce velk\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b cholery \u2013 nemoci v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00a0podstat\u011b nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nebyla tehdy je\u0161t\u011b rozpozn\u00e1na. <\/span><\/p>\n

V Pam\u011btn\u00ed knize farnosti Za\u0161ovsk\u00e9, psan\u00e9 od roku 1902, zaznamenal o t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti far\u00e1\u0159 Josef Odstr\u010dil:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0p\u00e1tek po slavnosti R\u016f\u017eence Blahoslaven\u00e9 Panny Marie kon\u00e1 se kaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fvod od svat\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee na doln\u00edm konci osady u silnice do chr\u00e1mu P\u00e1n\u011b z\u00a0vd\u011b\u010dnosti za to, \u017ee mil\u00fd P\u00e1n B\u016fh na p\u0159\u00edmluvu Blahoslaven\u00e9 Panny Marie stra\u0161livou choleru, kter\u00e1 roku 1836 tak\u00e9 hrozn\u011b ve farnosti zu\u0159ila, milostiv\u011b odvr\u00e1titi r\u00e1\u010dil.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Roku 1836 zu\u0159ila v\u00a0Za\u0161ovsk\u00e9 farnosti cholera tou m\u011brou, \u017ee od 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do 7. \u0159\u00edjna zem\u0159elo na ni v\u00a0Za\u0161ov\u00e9 52, ve St\u0159\u00edte\u017ei 15 osob. V\u0161udy srdcelomn\u00fd n\u00e1\u0159ek a pl\u00e1\u010d, ano i nejzaryt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci k\u00a0Bohu se vraceli. Usne\u0161eno, \u017ee den 7. \u0159\u00edjna bude dnem kaj\u00edc\u00edm. V\u0161ichni farn\u00edci, vyjma nemocn\u00e9, shrom\u00e1\u017edili se na konci d\u011bdiny u k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, p\u0159i okresn\u00ed silnici z\u00a0Vala\u0161sk\u00e9ho Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed do Ro\u017enova vedouc\u00ed, a odtud v\u00a0pr\u016fvodu brali se do chr\u00e1mu P\u00e1n\u011b. Hned na prahu svatyn\u011b padli v\u0161ichni na kolena a pla\u010d\u00edce a rukama lom\u00edce lezli po kolenou ku hlavn\u00edmu olt\u00e1\u0159i, na n\u011bm\u017e postaven byl milostn\u00fd obraz P. Marie Za\u0161ovsk\u00e9, a kolem olt\u00e1\u0159e, pros\u00edce Boha aby hroznou metlu, choleru, od farnosti na p\u0159\u00edmluvu P. Marie odvr\u00e1titi r\u00e1\u010dil. A hle! Bo\u017esk\u00e1 v\u0161emohoucnost polo\u017eila chole\u0159e meze; zem\u0159ela\u0165 t\u00e9ho\u017e dne jen je\u0161t\u011b jedna osoba, v\u0161ak 40 nemocn\u00fdch se uzdravilo. \u0160la pam\u00e1tka t\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti Za\u0161ovsk\u00e9 farnosti p\u00e1tek za slavnost\u00ed R\u016f\u017eence P. Marie \u2013 \u201ep\u00e1tek morov\u00fd \u2013 cholerov\u00fd\u201c, \u017ee nikdo nepracuje a v\u0161ichni slavn\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m Bo\u017e\u00edm obcuj\u00ed, r\u00e1no i odpoledne. Prvn\u00ed kaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fvod konal se v\u00a0p\u00e1tek, dne 7. \u0159\u00edjna 1836. Roku 1886 o pades\u00e1tilet\u00e9 pam\u00e1tce prvn\u00edho kaj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u016fvodu kon\u00e1n s\u00a0povolen\u00edm Jeho Eminence, Nejd\u016fstojn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho kn\u00ed\u017eete pana arcibiskupa Bed\u0159icha, lankrab\u011bte z\u00a0F\u00fcrstenberg\u016fv pr\u016fvod s\u00a0Nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kolem h\u0159bitova.\u201c<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1znam o pohrom\u011b v\u00a0podob\u011b cholery poch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 z\u00a0pera historika Franti\u0161ka \u0160iguta, autora knihy \u201ePoutn\u00ed m\u00edsto Za\u0161ov\u00e1\u201c, vydan\u00e9 roku 1942, ve kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eR. 1836 zu\u0159ila v za\u0161ovsk\u00e9 farnosti cholera tou m\u011brou, \u017ee od 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do 7. \u0159\u00edjna t. r. zem\u0159elo na ni v Za\u0161ov\u00e9 52 osob (\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ni jen katol\u00edci). V\u0161ude se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 srdcelomn\u00fd pl\u00e1\u010d, ano i nejzaryt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci k Bohu se vraceli, jak sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed farn\u00ed kronika. Bylo proto usneseno v prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli v \u0159\u00edjnu mezi tehdej\u0161\u00edm far\u00e1\u0159em P. Wintrem a farn\u00edky, \u017ee p\u00e1tek 7. \u0159\u00edjna m\u00e1 b\u00fdti spole\u010dn\u00fdm kaj\u00edc\u00edm dnem. V\u0161ichni farn\u00edci – vyjma nemocn\u00e9 – shrom\u00e1\u017edili se na konci d\u011bdiny u k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i silnici do Ro\u017enova a odtud \u0161li v pr\u016fvodu do kostela. Na prahu kostela v\u0161ichni padli na kolena a takto pochodovali za modlitby k hlavn\u00edmu olt\u00e1\u0159i a kolem olt\u00e1\u0159e, pros\u00edce Boha, aby na p\u0159\u00edmluvu Panny Marie hroznou metlu cholery od farnosti odvr\u00e1til. V\u0161ichni p\u0159\u00edtomni hlasit\u011b plakali. Nikdo se za slzy nestyd\u011bl. A v\u00fdsledek proseb se dostavil. Ten den zem\u0159ela je\u0161t\u011b jedna osoba, ale od t\u00e9 chv\u00edle nezem\u0159el ji\u017e na choleru nikdo. Z vd\u011b\u010dnosti za vysly\u0161en\u00ed zav\u00e1zali se za\u0161ov\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee budou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b sv\u011btiti t. zv. cholerov\u00fd p\u00e1tek, toti\u017e prvn\u00ed p\u00e1tek v \u0159\u00edjnu, \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed na bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Sv\u016fj slib tak\u00e9 plnili a dodnes pln\u00ed. R. 1886 konalo se pades\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed slibu a r. 1936 st\u00e9. P\u0159i st\u00e9m v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed r. 1936 m\u011bly k tomu \u00fa\u010delu pr\u00e1zdno i \u0161koln\u00ed d\u011bti. Konal se pr\u016fvod ke k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei na doln\u00edm konci.“<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Sta\u0159\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00edci, narozen\u00ed na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed, vzpom\u00ednali, \u017ee podle vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed jejich p\u0159edk\u016f p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017eeli povozn\u00edci po \u010das panuj\u00edc\u00ed cholery rakve pro zem\u0159el\u00e9 z\u00a0Vala\u0161sk\u00e9ho Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed. Kolikr\u00e1t forman je\u0161t\u011b nedorazil s\u00a0objednan\u00fdmi rakvemi a u\u017e mu sp\u011bchal posel naproti, aby se vr\u00e1til pro dal\u0161\u00ed rakve.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0Za\u0161ov\u00e9 podnes tuto ud\u00e1lost p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 cholerov\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e. M\u00e1 sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto u doln\u00edho mostu na rozcest\u00ed, kde b\u00fdval z\u00e1jezdn\u00ed hostinec a pozd\u011bji u\u017e zanikl\u00e1 hospoda u Fr\u0148k\u016f. Na prot\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b cesty vznikla po roce 1990 z prastar\u00e9 nevzhledn\u00e9 stodoly p\u011bkn\u00e1 a obl\u00edben\u00e1 restaurace \u201eU V\u00e1clava\u201c. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u00e1tka m\u00e1 kamenn\u00fd podstavec, vlastn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e a Kristus jsou z kovu. K\u0159\u00ed\u017e je orientov\u00e1n k\u00a0severu po sm\u011bru hlavn\u00ed cesty st\u0159edem vesnice a ke kostelu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Do kamenn\u00e9ho podstavce je vytes\u00e1n n\u00e1pis: K\u0159\u00ed\u017ei! Tys byl udustojen n\u00e9sti sv\u011bta v\u00fdplatu, za outo\u010di\u0161t\u011b ustrojen na\u0161ich h\u0159\u00edch\u016f k\u00a0odvratu, Krv\u00ed Ber\u00e1nkovou zpojen smazal\u00b4s na\u0161i z\u00e1tratu.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0159\u00ed\u017e je na podstavci datov\u00e1n rokem 1857, ale v\u00a0\u010dase v\u00fdskytu cholery z\u0159ejm\u011b u\u017e na tomto m\u00edst\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1l. Po roce 2000 byl k\u0159\u00ed\u017e restaurov\u00e1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2016 uplyne 180 let od doby, kdy obec Za\u0161ovou postihla ob\u00e1van\u00e1 cholera. Podnes tuto tragickou ud\u00e1lost p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd cholerov\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obce. Na cholerov\u00fd p\u00e1tek po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u0159\u00edjna si v\u0161ak u\u017e nikdo nevzpomene. To v\u0161e je u\u017e jen historie. <\/span><\/p>\n

sb<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cholera je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u016fjmov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jeho\u017e p\u016fvodcem je gramnegativn\u00ed bakterie Vibrio cholerae. P\u0159enos choroby je nej\u010dast\u011bji pitnou vodou zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bnou fek\u00e1liemi, nebo potravinami. Zdrojem n\u00e1kazy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010dlov\u011bk-p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161e\u010d. Inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba je n\u011bkolik hodin a\u017e dn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edznaky jsou k\u0159e\u010dovit\u00e9 bolesti b\u0159icha a vodnat\u00fd pr\u016fjem, zvracen\u00ed. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku ztr\u00e1ty vody (a\u017e 26 litr\u016f za den) m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zhroucen\u00ed homeost\u00e1zy a ke smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinnou prevenc\u00ed je myt\u00ed rukou, p\u0159eva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody a jej\u00ed desinfekce, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch pravidel. <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed ztracen\u00e9 vody a miner\u00e1li\u00ed. U t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se nasazuj\u00ed antibiotika. P\u0159i nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 chole\u0159e je \u00famrtnost 50% p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch a p\u0159i dostupnosti l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de um\u00edr\u00e1 kolem 0,75% pacient\u016f. \u00damrtnost p\u0159i epidemi\u00edch cholery se v\u00a0rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvaceti letech pohybuje mezi 3-15%. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskyt cholery byl poprv\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00a0letech 1816-1826 v\u00a0Asii; 1829-1851 v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a severn\u00ed Americe; 1852-1860 Rusko; 1863-1875 Evropa; 1881-1896 Evropa; 1899-1923 Rusko a Otomansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.\u00a0<\/span>Bakterii Vibrio cholerae jako prvn\u00ed izoloval italsk\u00fd anatom Fillip Pacini roku 1854.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Morov\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Letos je to 180 let od t\u011bch hrozn\u00fdch \u00fatrap, kter\u00e9\u00a0p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b cholerov\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, o kter\u00e9m jsme psali i zde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[37,38,49,36,39,43],"tags":[55,54,52],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3802"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3802"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3805,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3802\/revisions\/3805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}