{"id":3692,"date":"2015-10-22T04:28:32","date_gmt":"2015-10-22T03:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/?p=3692"},"modified":"2015-10-15T08:14:32","modified_gmt":"2015-10-15T07:14:32","slug":"svatek-mrtvych-dusicky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/svatek-mrtvych-dusicky\/","title":{"rendered":"SV\u00c1TEK MRTV\u00ddCH – DU\u0160I\u010cKY"},"content":{"rendered":"

Modlitba za zem\u0159el\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici<\/span><\/span> a zap\u00e1len\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky je symbolikou vzta\u017eenou ke vzpom\u00ednce a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. \u201e<\/span><\/span>Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1me na na\u0161e bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a v duchu se pt\u00e1me, jak\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed n\u00e1m zanechali\u2026..<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

SV\u00c1TEK MRTV\u00ddCH – DU\u0160I\u010cKY<\/h1>\n

Sv\u00e1tek mrtv\u00fdch neboli lidov\u011b \u201eDu\u0161i\u010dky\u201c jsou podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradice vzpom\u00ednkou na zesnul\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed na tuto skute\u010dnost nejsou je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipraveni, nedos\u00e1hli v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 bla\u017eenosti, jejich du\u0161e pob\u00fdvaj\u00ed v o\u010distci. Tento sv\u00e1tek p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 2. listopad, tedy den po sv\u00e1tku V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch. Sv\u00e1tek V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch vych\u00e1z\u00ed z ud\u00e1losti vysv\u011bcen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b antick\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu Pantheonu v \u0158\u00edm\u011b v roce 609. Tento sv\u00e1tek p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed du\u0161i\u010dk\u00e1m je tak vzpom\u00ednkou na zem\u0159el\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed dos\u00e1hli v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 bla\u017eenosti. Podle \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e jsou Du\u0161i\u010dky vzpom\u00ednkou na v\u0161echny v\u011brn\u00e9 zesnul\u00e9, podle protestantsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve Pam\u00e1tkou zesnul\u00fdch. Sv\u00e1tek mrtv\u00fdch se u\u017e v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b slav\u00ed od 10. stolet\u00ed, v roce 998 jej zavedl benedikt\u00fdnsk\u00fd opat Odillo ve francouzsk\u00e9m kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e Cluny. V podstat\u011b tak reagoval na p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pohansk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady. Pravda je, \u017ee ko\u0159eny tohoto sv\u00e1tku jsou mnohem star\u0161\u00ed, historikov\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee je odvozen z keltsk\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tku Samhain, kter\u00fdm pro Kelty kon\u010dil star\u00fd a za\u010d\u00ednal nov\u00fd rok. Keltsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek se slavil v p\u0159edve\u010der 1. listopadu. Keltov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee v tuto noc se sv\u011bt \u017eiv\u00fdch a mrtv\u00fdch propojuje, a proto zapalovali ohn\u011b, aby du\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch p\u0159i\u0161ly, oh\u0159\u00e1ly se a pobyly se sv\u00fdmi bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi. Od 13. stolet\u00ed se pam\u00e1tka v\u011brn\u00fdch zesnul\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila a za\u010dala se slavit v 18 dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b zdom\u00e1cn\u011bl sv\u00e1tek a\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed. V tento den se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch zem\u00edch konaly t\u0159i m\u0161e za zem\u0159el\u00e9, tento zvyk v polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed potvrdil pape\u017e Benedikt XIV. a ur\u010dil jej pro kn\u011bze ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, Portugalsku a Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. Od roku 1915 se tato podoba roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na popud pape\u017ee Benedikta XV. po cel\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi. Ke sv\u00e1tku zem\u0159el\u00fdch se vztahovala a vztahuje \u0159ada lidov\u00fdch zvyk\u016f a pov\u011br. D\u0159\u00edve se v podve\u010der Du\u0161i\u010dek se\u0161la cel\u00e1 rodina a naplnila lampu m\u00e1slem, aby si tak du\u0161e mohly pot\u0159\u00edt sp\u00e1leniny. Bl\u00edzc\u00ed lid\u00e9 se ve\u010der napili studen\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka, aby t\u00edm sv\u00e9 du\u0161e ochladili. Na sv\u00e1tky V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch a Du\u0161i\u010dek se d\u0159\u00edve doma peklo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pe\u010divo zvan\u00e9 \u201edu\u0161i\u010dky\u201c. T\u011bmi byly obdarov\u00e1ni \u017eebr\u00e1ci, pocestn\u00ed a chud\u00ed lid\u00e9 v obci. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u010cech se pekly v\u0161esvat\u00e9 rohl\u00edky a du\u0161i\u010dky, ty byly oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edmu pe\u010divu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. V den Du\u0161i\u010dek v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed a v ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e i nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed h\u0159bitovy a hroby sv\u00fdch zesnul\u00fdch a zdob\u00ed je v\u011bnci, kv\u011bty, sv\u00edcemi a modl\u00ed se za n\u011b. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0r. 1944 zaznamenal P. Vojt\u011bch Zapletal \u010d\u00e1st<\/b> historie veselsk\u00fdch h\u0159bitov\u016f:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVeselsk\u00e1 farnost m\u00e1 dva h\u0159bitovy. Kolem kostela jest star\u00fd h\u0159bitov podle d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho zvyku. Pochov\u00e1no jest zde n\u011bkoliker\u00e9 pokolen\u00ed a star\u00e9 hroby st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 sp\u00e1\u010de. Ust\u00fdl\u00e1 se vnuk\u016fm v\u00a0hrobech d\u011bd\u016f a kosti t\u011bchto sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 v\u00a0uzl\u00ed\u010dku z\u00a0b\u00edl\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tna vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed se k\u00a0nov\u00e9 rakvi a zasyp\u00e1vaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b vrstvou zem\u011b. P\u0159ed 70 lety (pozn.: p\u0159ed rokem 1870) vyhl\u00ed\u017eel h\u0159bitov jinak. Neurovnan\u00fd b\u0159eh bez ohrady p\u0159ed i za kostelem, hroby bez ladu a skladu, zarostl\u00e9 travou a bez k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f \u2013 to\u0165 obraz star\u00e9ho h\u0159bitova. Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161el do Vesel\u00e9 kaplan Flori\u00e1n Tomek, ost\u0159e k\u00e1ral farn\u00edky na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00edch pro nedostate\u010dnou p\u00e9\u010di o m\u00edsto posledn\u00edho odpo\u010dinku. Po zdol\u00e1n\u00ed protivn\u00edk\u016f poda\u0159ilo se kone\u010dn\u011b horliv\u00e9mu kn\u011bzi h\u0159bitov srovnati tak, jak dnes vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a kolem postaviti kamennou ohradu. H\u0159bitov urovnaly t\u0159i p\u0159ifa\u0159en\u00e9 obce, proto\u017ee Vesel\u00e1 stav\u011bla schodi\u0161t\u011b. Psal se tehdy rok 1870. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed tohoto h\u0159bitova jest, \u017ee jest vys\u00e1zen ovocn\u00fdmi stromy. \u0160est kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch jablo\u0148ov\u00fdch strom\u016f pod\u00e9l hlavn\u00ed cesty vsadil far\u00e1\u0159 Seget, rozrostly se do \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky a jejich v\u011btve chr\u00e1n\u00ed hroby pod nimi vykopan\u00e9. V\u00a0kv\u011btnu kr\u00e1sn\u011b kvetou a na podzim p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed hojn\u011b ovoce (far\u00e1\u0159 Podmol\u00edk \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val \u017eertem, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed u\u017eitek z\u00a0mrtv\u00fdch farn\u00edk\u016f ne\u017e z\u00a0\u017eiv\u00fdch). Kamenn\u00e1 ohrada se m\u00edsty rozpad\u00e1v\u00e1, lep\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak hradbou jsou v\u011bkovit\u00e9 stromy ka\u0161tanov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdmi tak rozlo\u017eit\u00fdmi v\u011btvemi jako perut\u011b pt\u00e1k\u016f p\u0159\u00edstupu zim\u011b a ostr\u00fdm v\u011btr\u016fm na h\u0159bitov, kter\u00fd jest \u201epravou zahradou zelnou\u201c. Prostranstv\u00ed kolem kostela ponen\u00e1hlu nedosta\u010dovalo pro \u010dty\u0159i obce farnosti a bylo nutno p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho h\u0159bitova. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kroky v\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bci u\u010dinil ji\u017e far\u00e1\u0159 Lubojack\u00fd a d\u00edlo dokon\u010dil far\u00e1\u0159 Seget. V\u00a0r. 1910 byl posv\u011bcen bl\u00edzko kostela nov\u00fd h\u0159bitov, ohrani\u010den\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fdm plotem. Prvn\u00ed na nov\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b byla pochov\u00e1na Marie K\u0159enkov\u00e1 z\u00a0Vesel\u00e9 \u010d. 52 dne 29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1910. K\u0159\u00ed\u017e na nov\u00fd h\u0159bitov v\u011bnovali man\u017eel\u00e9 \u010capkovi. Far\u00e1\u0159 \u0160t\u00edhel oba h\u0159bitovy dal do lep\u0161\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku. Hroby byly urovn\u00e1ny, cesti\u010dky drt\u00ed posyp\u00e1ny. Nep\u011bst\u011bn\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd plot kolem nov\u00e9ho h\u0159bitova odstran\u011bn a po\u0159\u00edzen dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fd plot, kter\u00fd \u201ePam\u00e1tkov\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad\u201c po dlouh\u00e9m zdr\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed povolil s\u00a0podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee bude os\u00e1zen okrasn\u00fdmi ke\u0159i. Farn\u00edci dbaj\u00ed dnes v\u00edce na okrasu hrob\u016f, ne\u017e jak tomu bylo v\u00a0d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch. Nad hroby stav\u00ed kamenn\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, jich\u017e postaven\u00ed \u010din\u00ed kamen\u00edk\u016fm pro vysokou polohu h\u0159bitov\u016f velk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, na rovy s\u00e1zej\u00ed kv\u011btiny. Zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed jest pro velikou vzd\u00e1lenost skoro nemo\u017en\u00e9, proto p\u011bstuj\u00ed se jen kv\u011btiny, kter\u00e9 dovedou vy\u010dkati a\u017e oblaka sama je zalej\u00ed\u201c<\/i>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I letos se op\u011bt v\u00a0tento \u010das zase setk\u00e1me s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi a bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou od n\u00e1s daleko a jindy si na setk\u00e1n\u00ed s nimi nenajdeme \u010das. A a\u017e p\u016fjdeme rozsv\u00edtit sv\u00ed\u010dky na hrobech sv\u00fdch drah\u00fdch, p\u0159\u00e1tel \u010di zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e nejsou mezi n\u00e1mi a moc n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed, zkusme p\u0159i tich\u00e9m rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e vzpomenout, co n\u00e1m tady zanechali a zda a v\u00a0\u010dem se sna\u017e\u00edme jejich odkaz ct\u00edt a d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet. A \u017ee toho nen\u00ed m\u00e1lo \u2013 vedle osobn\u00edch vzpom\u00ednek – sta\u010d\u00ed se jen rozhl\u00e9dnout t\u0159eba i na na\u0161em h\u0159bitov\u011b a porovnat, co se tady od vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed P. Vojt\u011bcha Zapletala v\u0161echno zm\u011bnilo.
<\/span><\/span>Jarmila Kubrick\u00e1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Modlitba za zem\u0159el\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici a zap\u00e1len\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky je symbolikou vzta\u017eenou ke vzpom\u00ednce a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. \u201eVzpom\u00edn\u00e1me na na\u0161e bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a v duchu se pt\u00e1me, jak\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed n\u00e1m zanechali\u2026..\u201c\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[45,39,44],"tags":[55],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3692"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3692"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3695,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3692\/revisions\/3695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/historie.zasova.info\/subdom\/historie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}